Chakudya chozizira chimatanthawuza chakudya chokhala ndi zakudya zabwino zopangira zakudya zomwe zakonzedwa bwino, zowuzidwa ndi kutentha kwa -30 ° C, kenako zimasungidwa ndi kuzungulira -18 ° C kapena kutsika pambuyo polongedza. Chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kusungirako kuzizira pang'onopang'ono panthawi yonseyi, chakudya chozizira chimakhala ndi moyo wautali, wosawonongeka, komanso kudya bwino, komanso kumabweretsa zambiri.chovutagesndi zofunika apamwamba kwa ma CD zipangizo.
Zida zomangirira zakudya zoziziritsidwa
Pakali pano, wambamatumba oyikamo zakudya oziziraPamsika nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotsatirazi:
1. PET/PE
Kapangidwe kameneka kamakhala kofala m'mapaketi a zakudya zozizira msanga. Lili ndi zinthu zabwino zotsekereza chinyezi, zosazizira, kutentha pang'ono komanso zotsika mtengo.
2. BOPP/PE, BOPP/CPP
Kapangidwe kameneka kamateteza chinyezi, kuzizira, kumakhala ndi mphamvu zolimba kwambiri posindikiza kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono, ndipo ndi yotsika mtengo pamtengo. Pakati pawo, maonekedwe ndi kumverera kwa matumba olongedza omwe ali ndi BOPP / PE mapangidwe ndi abwino kuposa omwe ali ndi PET / PE, omwe amatha kusintha khalidwe lazogulitsa.
3. PET/VMPET/CPE, BOPP/VMPET/CPE
Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa aluminiyamu plating wosanjikiza, mawonekedwe amtunduwu amakhala ndi kusindikiza kokongola pamwamba, koma ntchito yake yosindikiza kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono imakhala yosauka pang'ono ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera kwambiri, motero kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumakhala kochepa.
4. NY/PE, PET/NY/LLDPE, PET/NY/AL/PE, NY/PE
Kupaka ndi mtundu woterewu kumagonjetsedwa ndi kuzizira komanso kukhudzidwa. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa wosanjikiza wa NY, kukana kwake koboola ndikwabwino kwambiri, koma mtengo wake ndi wokwera. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulongedza zinthu zazing'ono kapena zolemera kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, palinso thumba losavuta la PE, lomwe nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thumba lakunja lazamasamba ndi zakudya zosavuta zachisanu.
Kuphatikiza pa matumba oyikamo, zakudya zina zowumitsidwa zimafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito matayala otupa. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi tray ndi PP. Chakudya cha PP chimakhala chaukhondo kwambiri ndipo chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa kutentha kwa -30 ° C. Palinso PET ndi zipangizo zina. Monga mayendedwe wamba, makatoni okhala ndi malata ndizinthu zoyamba zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa pamapaketi onyamula chakudya owuma chifukwa chosagwedezeka, katundu wosagwira ntchito komanso mtengo wake.
Miyezo yoyesera pakuyika chakudya chozizira
Katundu woyenerera ayenera kukhala ndi phukusi loyenerera. Kuphatikiza pa kuyesa mankhwalawo, kuyezetsa mankhwala kuyeneranso kuyesa phukusi. Pokhapokha atapambana mayeso akhoza kulowa kufalitsidwa kumunda. .
Pakalipano, palibe miyeso yapadera ya dziko yoyesa kuyika chakudya chozizira. Akatswiri amakampani akugwira ntchito ndi opanga zakudya zoziziritsa kukhosi kuti alimbikitse kupanga miyezo yamakampani. Chifukwa chake, pogula zonyamula, opanga zakudya zoziziritsa kukhosi ayenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yapadziko lonse yazinthu zonyamula.
Mwachitsanzo:
GB 9685-2008 "Miyezo Yaukhondo Yogwiritsira Ntchito Zowonjezera Zosungira Chakudya ndi Zida Zoyikira" imatchula miyezo yaukhondo pazowonjezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzotengera zakudya ndi zolembera;
GB/T 10004-2008 "Pulasitiki Composite Filimu ya Packaging, Dry Lamination for Bags, and Extrusion Lamination" imatchula mafilimu amagulu, matumba, ndi mafilimu opangidwa ndi pulasitiki opangidwa ndi njira zowuma zowuma komanso zowonongeka zomwe zilibe mapepala ndi aluminiyamu. zojambulazo. , maonekedwe ndi zizindikiro za thupi za thumba, ndipo zimatchula kuchuluka kwa zosungunulira zotsalira mu thumba lophatikizana ndi filimu;
GB 9688-1988 "Hygienic Standard for Polypropylene Molded Products for Food Packaging" imafotokoza zizindikiro zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala za PP zopangira chakudya, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati maziko opangira miyezo ya PP matuza trays pazakudya zachisanu;
GB/T 4857.3-4 ndi GB/T 6545-1998 "Njira kutsimikiza kuphulika mphamvu ya malata makatoni" motero kupereka zofunika stacking mphamvu ndi kuphulika mphamvu ya malata makatoni.
Kuphatikiza apo, m'ntchito zenizeni, opanga zakudya zoziziritsa kukhosi apanganso miyezo ina yamabizinesi yomwe ikugwirizana ndi zomwe akufuna kutengera zosowa zenizeni, monga kuchuluka kwa ma tray a matuza, ndowa za thovu ndi zinthu zina zowumbidwa.
Mavuto akulu awiri sangathe kunyalanyazidwa
1. chakudya youma mowa, "achisanu woyaka" chodabwitsa
Kusungidwa kwachisanu kungathe kuchepetsa kukula ndi kubereka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa chakudya. Komabe, pakuzizira pang'ono, kuuma kowuma komanso kutulutsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni kwa chakudya kumakhala kowopsa pakuwonjezera nthawi yozizira.
Mufiriji, kugawa kwa kutentha ndi mpweya wa madzi pang'onopang'ono kumakhalapo: chakudya pamwamba> mpweya wozungulira> ozizira. Kumbali imodzi, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kutentha kuchokera pamwamba pa chakudya kumasamutsidwa ku mpweya wozungulira, ndipo kutentha kumachepetsedwa; Kumbali inayi, kusiyana kwapang'onopang'ono pakati pa nthunzi yamadzi yomwe imapezeka pamwamba pa chakudya ndi mpweya wozungulira imayambitsa madzi, kutuluka kwa ayezi wa crystal ndi sublimation mu nthunzi yamadzi mumlengalenga.
Pakali pano, mpweya wokhala ndi nthunzi wambiri wamadzi umachepetsa kuchuluka kwake ndikuyenda pafiriji. Pozizira kwambiri, nthunzi wamadziwo umafika pamwamba pa choziziriracho n’kukhala chipale chofewa, ndipo mpweyawo umachulukana, motero umamira n’kukhudzananso ndi chakudyacho. Njirayi idzabwerezedwanso, kufalikira, madzi pamwamba pa chakudya amatayika nthawi zonse, kulemera kumachepetsedwa, chodabwitsa ichi ndi "dry mowa". M`kati mosalekeza youma mowa chodabwitsa, pamwamba pa chakudya pang`onopang`ono kukhala porous minofu, kuonjezera kukhudzana m`dera ndi mpweya, imathandizira makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa chakudya mafuta, pigment, pamwamba browning, mapuloteni denaturation, chodabwitsa ichi ndi "kuzizira woyaka".
Chifukwa cha kusamutsidwa kwa nthunzi wamadzi komanso momwe mpweya wa okosijeni mumlengalenga umayendera ndizomwe zimayambitsa zomwe zili pamwambazi, kotero ngati chotchinga pakati pa chakudya chozizira ndi dziko lakunja, zida zopangira mapulasitiki zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka mkati mwake ziyenera kukhala ndi madzi abwino. ntchito yotsekereza mpweya ndi mpweya.
2. Zotsatira za malo osungiramo chisanu pa mphamvu yamakina yazinthu zopangira
Monga tonse tikudziwira, mapulasitiki adzakhala osasunthika komanso amatha kusweka akakumana ndi malo otentha kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo mawonekedwe awo amatsika kwambiri, zomwe zikuwonetsa kufooka kwa zida zapulasitiki polimbana ndi kuzizira kosauka. Kawirikawiri, kukana kozizira kwa mapulasitiki kumawonetsedwa ndi kutentha kwa embrittlement. Kutentha kumachepa, pulasitiki imakhala yolimba komanso yosavuta kusweka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kayendedwe ka polymer molecular chain. Pansi pa mphamvu zomwe zafotokozedwa, 50% ya pulasitiki idzalephera kulephera. Kutentha panthawiyi ndi kutentha kwamphamvu. Ndiko kuti, m'munsi malire a kutentha kwabwino ntchito zipangizo pulasitiki. Ngati zotengera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya zowuma sizimazizira bwino, panthawi yoyendetsa ndikutsitsa ndikutsitsa, zomangira zakuthwa za chakudya chozizira zimatha kubowola paketiyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta kutayikira ndikufulumizitsa kuwonongeka kwa chakudya.
Posunga ndi kunyamula, chakudya chozizira amachiika m’mabokosi a malata. Kutentha kosungirako kuzizira nthawi zambiri kumakhala -24 ℃~-18 ℃. M'malo ozizira, mabokosi a malata amatha kuyamwa pang'onopang'ono chinyontho kuchokera ku chilengedwe, ndipo nthawi zambiri amafikira chinyezi m'masiku anayi. Malinga ndi zolemba zoyenera, katoni yamalata ikafika pamlingo wa chinyezi, chinyezi chake chidzawonjezeka ndi 2% mpaka 3% poyerekeza ndi nthaka youma. Ndi kukulitsa nthawi ya firiji, mphamvu yamphamvu ya m'mphepete, mphamvu yopondereza, ndi mphamvu yomangirira ya makatoni a malata idzachepa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo idzachepa ndi 31%, 50%, ndi 21% motsatana patatha masiku anayi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutalowa m'malo ozizira ozizira, mphamvu yamakina yamakatoni a malata idzachepa. Mphamvu zimakhudzidwa pamlingo wina, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha bokosi kugwa pambuyo pake. .
Chakudya chowumitsidwa chidzagwira ntchito zingapo zotsitsa ndikutsitsa panthawi yonyamula kuchokera kumalo ozizira kupita kumalo ogulitsa. Kusintha kosalekeza kwa kusiyana kwa kutentha kumapangitsa kuti mpweya wamadzi mumpweya wozungulira katoni wamalata ukhale pamwamba pa katoni, ndipo chinyezi cha katoni chimakwera msanga kufika pafupifupi 19%. , mphamvu yake ya m'mphepete idzatsika pafupifupi 23% mpaka 25%. Panthawiyi, mphamvu yamakina ya bokosi lamalata idzawonongekanso, ndikuwonjezera mwayi wa bokosi kugwa. Kuphatikiza apo, panthawi yoyika makatoni, makatoni apamwamba amakhala ndi kukakamiza kosalekeza pamakatoni apansi. Makatoni akamamwa chinyezi ndikuchepetsa kupanikizika kwawo, makatoni apansi amapunduka ndikuphwanyidwa poyamba. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kutayika kwachuma komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kugwa kwa makatoni chifukwa cha kuyamwa kwa chinyezi komanso kusungitsa kwapamwamba kwambiri kumakhala pafupifupi 20% ya zotayika zonse pakuzungulira.
Zothetsera
Kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa mavuto akulu akulu awiriwa ndikuwonetsetsa chitetezo cha chakudya chozizira, mutha kuyamba pazigawo zotsatirazi.
1. Sankhani zida zomangira zamkati zomwe zili ndi chotchinga chachikulu komanso mphamvu yayikulu.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya zida zoyikapo zomwe zili ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Pokhapokha pomvetsetsa zakuthupi zazinthu zosiyanasiyana zoyikapo tingathe kusankha zinthu zololera molingana ndi zofunikira zachitetezo cha chakudya chozizira, kuti zisamangosunga kukoma ndi mtundu wa chakudya, komanso kuwonetsa mtengo wazinthuzo.
Pakadali pano, ma CD osinthika apulasitiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya zozizira kwambiri amagawidwa m'magulu atatu:
Mtundu woyamba ndimatumba osanjikiza amodzi, monga matumba a PE, omwe ali ndi zotsatira zochepa zolepheretsa ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga masamba;
Gulu lachiwiri ndimatumba apulasitiki ophatikizika ofewa, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zomatira kumangiriza zigawo ziwiri kapena zingapo za filimu ya pulasitiki palimodzi, monga OPP/LLDPE, NY/LLDPE, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zoteteza chinyezi, zosazizira, komanso zosabowola;
Gulu lachitatu ndiMipikisano wosanjikiza co-extruded flexible matumba ma CD ma CD, momwe zipangizo zopangira ntchito zosiyanasiyana monga PA, PE, PP, PET, EVOH, ndi zina zotero zimasungunuka ndi kutulutsa padera, zimaphatikizidwa pakufa kwakukulu, kenako zimaphatikizidwa pamodzi pambuyo powumba ndi kuzizira. , zinthu zamtundu uwu sizimagwiritsira ntchito zomatira ndipo zimakhala ndi makhalidwe osaipitsa, chotchinga chachikulu, mphamvu zambiri, kukana kutentha kwakukulu ndi kutsika, etc.
Deta ikuwonetsa kuti m'maiko otukuka ndi zigawo, kugwiritsa ntchito ma CD a gulu lachitatu kumakhala pafupifupi 40% ya chakudya chonse chozizira, pomwe m'dziko langa chimangotenga pafupifupi 6% ndipo chiyenera kulimbikitsidwa. .
Ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo, zida zatsopano zikutuluka motsatizana, ndipo filimu yodyera yonyamula ndi m'modzi mwa oyimira. Amagwiritsa ntchito ma polysaccharides, mapuloteni kapena lipids ngati matrix, ndikupanga filimu yoteteza pamwamba pazakudya zozizira pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe zodyedwa monga zopangira komanso kuyanjana kwa ma intermolecular kudzera kukulunga, kumiza, kupaka kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. , kuwongolera kusuntha kwa chinyezi ndi kulowa kwa oxygen. Filimu yamtunduwu imakhala ndi kukana kwamadzi kodziwikiratu komanso kukana kwamphamvu kwa gasi. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti ikhoza kudyedwa ndi chakudya chozizira popanda kuipitsidwa, ndipo imakhala ndi chiyembekezo chogwiritsa ntchito.
2. Kupititsa patsogolo kukana kuzizira ndi mphamvu zamakina zamkati mwazonyamula
Njira yoyamba, sankhani gulu loyenera kapena co-extruded zopangira.
Nayiloni, LLDPE, EVA onse ali ndi kukana kutentha kochepa kwambiri komanso kukana misozi komanso kukana mphamvu. Kuwonjezera zipangizo zotere mu gulu kapena co-extrusion ndondomeko akhoza bwino kusintha madzi ndi mpweya kukana ndi mawotchi mphamvu ya ma CD zipangizo.
Njira yachiwiri, moyenera kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa plasticizers. Plasticizer amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kufooketsa mgwirizano wocheperako pakati pa mamolekyu a polima, kuti awonjezere kusuntha kwa unyolo wa ma polima, kuchepetsa crystallization, kuwonetseredwa ngati kuchepa kwa kuuma kwa polima, kutentha kwa modulus embrittlement, komanso kuwongolera kutalika ndi kusinthasintha.
3. kusintha mphamvu compressive mabokosi malata
Pakadali pano, msika umagwiritsa ntchito makatoni omata kuti anyamule chakudya chachisanu, katoni iyi yazunguliridwa ndi misomali inayi yamalata, mmwamba ndi pansi ndi mapiko anayi osweka opindika osindikizira osindikiza. Kupyolera mu kusanthula mabuku ndi kutsimikizira mayeso, zitha kupezeka kuti kugwa kwa katoni kumachitika mu makatoni anayi omwe amayikidwa molunjika mu bokosi la bokosi, kotero kulimbitsa mphamvu yopondereza ya malowa kumatha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yopondereza ya katoni. Makamaka, choyamba, mu katoni khoma mozungulira Kuwonjezera kwa mphete, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito A malata makatoni, elasticity ake, mayamwidwe mantha, chingalepheretse mazira chakudya lakuthwa puncture yonyowa pokonza makatoni. Kachiwiri, mawonekedwe a makatoni amtundu wa bokosi angagwiritsidwe ntchito, mtundu wa bokosi uwu nthawi zambiri umapangidwa ndi zidutswa zingapo zamatabwa, thupi la bokosi ndi chivundikiro cha bokosi zimasiyanitsidwa, kudzera pachivundikiro kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito. Mayeso akuwonetsa kuti pansi pamikhalidwe yomweyi, mphamvu yopondereza ya katoni yotsekedwa imakhala pafupifupi 2 kuwirikiza katoni kakatoni kotsekeka.
4. Limbikitsani kuyesa kwa phukusi
Kupaka ndikofunikira kwambiri pazakudya zachisanu, chifukwa chake boma lapanga GB / T24617-2009 Frozen Food Logistics Packaging, Mark, Transportation and Storage, SN / T0715-1997 Export Frozen Food Commodity Transportation Inspection Regulations, ndi malamulo ena oyenera. poika zofunika osachepera ma CD ntchito zakuthupi, kuonetsetsa khalidwe la ndondomeko lonse kuchokera kotunga ma CD zopangira, ndondomeko ma CD ndi ma CD zotsatira. Kuti izi zitheke, bizinesiyo iyenera kukhazikitsa ma labotale abwino kwambiri opangira ma CD, okhala ndi zida zitatu zophatikizira zoyeserera za mpweya / mpweya wamadzi, makina oyesera amagetsi amagetsi, makina oyesera a katoni, makina oyeserera a katoni, opangira ma CD oziziritsa, kukana kukakamiza, puncture. kukana, kukana misozi, kukana kukhudzidwa ndi mayeso angapo.
Mwachidule, zoyikapo za chakudya chozizira zimakumana ndi zosowa zambiri zatsopano komanso zovuta zatsopano pakufunsira. Kuwerenga ndi kuthetsa mavutowa ndikopindulitsa kwambiri kupititsa patsogolo kasungidwe ndi kayendedwe ka chakudya chozizira. Komanso, kuwongolera ma CD kuyezetsa ndondomeko, kukhazikitsidwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma CD zipangizo kuyezetsa dongosolo deta, adzaperekanso maziko kafukufuku tsogolo kusankha zinthu ndi kulamulira khalidwe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-23-2023
